Military Btr - 3 + 14 passengers (capacity of original canopies BTR-60P was 2+14, reduced to 2+12 in BTR-60PA and 2+8 in BTR-60PB)
The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armored personnel carriers (APCs). It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for the BTR-152 and made its first public appearance in 1961. BTR stands for Bronetransporter (БТР, Бронетранспортер, literally "armored transporter").
Military Btr
The BTR-152 and BTR-40, the first two Soviet mass-produced APCs developed after World War II, provided the Soviet Army with useful experience with wheeled armored personnel carriers. However, as designed, they were not suitable for the needs of the Soviet Army as they lacked a roof (which was added to the BTR-152K and BTR-40B respectively). The low combat values of the BTR-152 and BTR-40 were revealed as they were used by the Egyptian Army during the Suez Crisis and by the Soviet Army in the street battles of Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Among the reasons for developing new APCs.
Btr 82a Armored Personnel Carrier Before Demonstration Performances. Editorial Stock Image
Between 1956 and 1957, it was decided to convert all rifle and mechanized divisions into motor rifle divisions and the need for new transport vehicles was created.
Developmt proceeded in two ways: the BMP-1 for use in tank divisions and a cheaper vehicle for use in motor rifle divisions, which would actually be the BTR-60. V.A requirements were given to GAZ two design bureaus headed by Dedkov.
And ZIL was led by Rodionov and Orlov. As required the vehicle should have all wheel drive, at least two steerable axles, independent suspension as well as maneuverability and fording capabilities to enable tank handling. The vehicle was also supposed to be amphibious.
The GAZ design team began work on the new APC in the winter of 1956. Despite the fact that the military wanted a full-roof vehicle with an NBC security system, the GAZ design did not have those features. It was argued that it would be difficult to fire through a narrow interior and damage limitation was not a priority.
Armoured Personnel Carrier Btr 80k
ZIL developed a 6x6 design, the ZIL-153, with the same hull shape as the GAZ design. There were also three other 8x8 prototypes: the Ob'yekt 560 (also known as the MMZ-560.
). All prototypes were submitted to state tests in 1959 and passed. Although the Ob'yekt 1015B outperformed, the GAZ design was chosen and designated the BTR-60P.
Officially, the decision-making committee did so because of the production capacity and experience of the GAZ plant. The main reason was that the GAZ design was simple and cheap and introduced the least technological advances, which made mass production easier.
The BTR-60P had up-roofed crew and troop compartments, which was considered a serious disadvantage. Accordingly, a new version with an armored roof, designated BTR-60PA, ceased production in 1963. The capacity of this new version was reduced from 16 soldiers to 14 soldiers.
Btr 60 Armoured Personnel Carrier At The Israeli Armored Corps Museum At Latrun, Israel Stock Photo
The nature of the German HS.30 APC, which was armed with a 20mm cannon, prompted the addition of the conical BPU-1 turret. This turret, originally developed for the BRDM-2 amphibious armored scout car, was armed with a KPVT 14.5 mm heavy machine gun and a PKT 7.62 mm tank machine gun. The new vehicle was designated the BTR-60PAI and was discontinued in 1965. However, it was quickly replaced by the BTR-60PB, which had a better sighting system for the machine gun.
It had a non-standard layout for an APC; The crew compartment was in the front, the troop compartment in the middle and the jean compartment in the rear.
This means that, while the BTR-60 does not share some of the weaknesses of other APCs, it has many disadvantages of its own.
In the BTR-60, the crew compartment is located at the front of the vehicle and has a roof – unlike the troop compartment, which was first introduced with the introduction of the BTR-60PA. In the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, the crew consists of a driver and a commander. The driver's seat is on the left and the commander's seat is on the right. In the BTR-60PAI, BTR-60PB and BTR-60PZ, the crew consists of a driver, a commander and a gunner. The positions of the driver and commander stations remained unchanged on later models. The gunner operates the BPU-1 turret using a PP-61A optical sight. In the BTR-60P, both the driver and commander maintained their position by side-tracking the vehicle. The BTR-60PA carried two hatches at their stations and crew members had to climb on top of the vehicle to use them. Attempts at later production models did not change. The BTR-60B featured a door on the right side for the gunner and firing ports for both the driver and commander, and two for the gun, one on each side. (See troop compartmentmt section for more information on BTR-60's firing ports). Both the driver and commander have forward views through a bulletproof windshield, with retractable steel covers. On the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, there were vision slots in the covers and additional slots on either side of the crew compartment. This BTR-60PB was mounted with two periscopes on each side.
Belarusian Army Receives Shipment Of Russian Btr 82a Armored Personnel Carriers
In early models of the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA, the driver only had a periscope, while the commander had a removable OU-3 infrared searchlight. On the BTR-60PB, both the driver and commander have three front periscopes (the commander's cter periscope is difficult to see as it is below the OU-3 infrared light). The vehicle was usually equipped with the R-113 radio; However, some models used R-123. Early BTR-60P production models lacked night-vision and only had four headlights (two infrared, two white, one of each type on each side, all of which remained on the BTR-60 model). Late BTR-60P models were fitted with night-vision; The TKN-1 is fitted with an OU-3 infrared searchlight for the commander and a TWN-2 for the driver. This remained unchanged in later models.
The troop compartment is behind the crew compartment and in front of the jean compartment. The BTR-60P can transport 16 fully equipped soldiers. This number was reduced to 14 in the BTR-60PB. The BTR-60P had no roof and was covered by a tarpaulin during bad weather. It was also covered with bows and canvas. Also, all BTR-60 models had three firing ports on each upper side through which infantry could fire ammunition with their personal weapons. The position of these three firing ports varied between models. The firing ports on the BTR-60P and BTR-60PA were located in a row between the front and center of the tank. On the BTR-60PB, the firing ports were relocated; One was next to the driver and commander, the other next to the gun and the other next to the troop compartment.
Due to the Jeanne placement (behind the vehicle), transported infantry must board and disembark from the side on the BTR-60P or through roof hatches on the BTR-60PA, BTR-60PB and BTR-60PZ variants. To help infantrymen get on and off the vehicle, the BTR-60P had two steps on either side, one between the first and second road wheels and the other between the third and fourth pair of wheels. It had two vertical hand rails on each side of the troop compartment, plus an angled cross on the port side of the hull forward of the gin compartment. The BTR-60PA featured another step on each side of the hull between the second and third pair of wheels, as well as six horizontal hand rails on each side of the vehicle, three below and three above. The vertical is removed, while another angle is added horizontally. On the BTR-60PB, the number of hand rails was reduced from six to five on each side of the hull; The rear upper part is removed from the right side, while the cter upper part is removed from the left. The BTR-60P has two doors on each side of the troop compartment (one at the front and one at the back), but infantry still had to climb down the side.
It was used primarily for emergency exits and as an auxiliary firing port. On the BTR-60PB, a left side door was added in front of the troop compartment.
Soviet Armoured Personnel Carrier Btr 60pb. Mikromir 48 012
The frontal armor can withstand 7.62 mm bullets of any range. The rest of the weapon can withstand 7.62 mm bullets at a range of 100 meters.
The BTR-60P had no roof over the troop compartment, which created an easily exploitable vulnerability – even simple explosives could take out the BTR-60P. A new BTR design with roof is called BTR-60PA.
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